Which type of feedback is most effective in promoting student improvement?

Specific, constructive feedback is the most effective in promoting student improvement because it provides clear, actionable insights that learners can implement in their practice. This type of feedback focuses on particular aspects of performance or technique, enabling students to understand exactly what they are doing well and what needs adjustment.

When feedback is specific, it identifies strengths and weaknesses, guiding students towards targeted areas for improvement. For example, instead of simply saying, "You need to work on your swing," specific feedback might highlight that the student should focus on their grip or stance to achieve better results. This clarity helps students make measurable progress and fosters a growth mindset, as they can see how their actions directly influence their development.

Moreover, constructive feedback tends to be more encouraging and supportive, emphasizing potential for growth rather than simply pointing out mistakes. This approach builds confidence and encourages learners to take risks in their practice, ultimately leading to greater improvement and motivation. In contrast, vague suggestions or comparisons to others may leave students unclear about how to improve, while general encouragement lacks the detail needed for effective growth.