How can instructors assist students in overcoming performance anxiety?

Instructors can effectively assist students in overcoming performance anxiety by introducing relaxation and visualization techniques. These strategies help students manage their stress and anxiety levels by promoting a calm state of mind. Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or progressive muscle relaxation, can lower the physiological symptoms of anxiety, allowing students to focus better on their performance.

Visualization techniques involve guiding students to mentally rehearse successful performances, which can build confidence and create a positive mindset. When students visualize themselves successfully completing a task, they are more likely to feel prepared and less anxious when it's time to perform. This combination of mental and physical preparedness leads to improved performance outcomes, enabling students to tackle challenges with a greater sense of composure and assurance.

The other options do not support the goal of overcoming performance anxiety. Encouraging avoidance does not help students confront their fears; focusing solely on competitive pressure can exacerbate anxiety; and increasing the difficulty of tasks without appropriate support can overwhelm students, leading to increased anxiety rather than alleviation.